[Obscure Rule] applies for this entire chapter.

In SQL, a <reference type> is a pointer: a scalar constructed SQL <data type>. It points to a row of a Base table that has the with REF value property that is, a <reference type> points to a UDT value. Unless you are familiar with Object-Oriented Programming, this chapter will probably not be fully comprehensible until you have read Chapter 27 "User-Defined Types".